Saturday, June 28, 2014

Hardy Mums: Garden Gems

Hardy Chrysanthemums, or Garden Mums, are popular plants that have been used in the gardens of China since before 550B.C.Their blooms brighten garden beds and borders from early August through November with blooms that often last for many weeks.Some varieties begin blooming earlier than others. Mums come in a wide assortment of colors including white, many shades of yellow, pink, lavender, red and bronze.

Today,Mums are a large part of the fall harvest season and are a great way to brighten and bring color to any spot in the garden. Mums are also great for use in containers, window boxes and around front entryways. 

How to plant and enjoy these garden treasures
·         Select a sunny, well-drained spot in the garden or choose an appropriate container. 

·         If planting in the ground, enrich the soil by mixing in a generous quantity of compost or peat moss, a cup of bone meal and lime (if needed, mums like a pH of 6.2-7.0). Work it all into the soil to a depth of 8 – 12 ½”. In window boxes or containers, use a good potting mix such as Dr. Earth’s Premium. 

·         Plant mums no deeper than they were in their container. If the root mass is dense, gently tease apart the outer roots so they can more readily grow into the new soil. 

·         Never let newly planted mums in bloom or bud dry out. 

Pruning (Pinching) and Deadheading
To keep plants dense and for maximum flower production, mums should be pinched occasionally. Pinching is a form of pruning used to remove the end or terminal buds.
Just place your thumb and index finger below a terminal bus and squeeze until the bud is removed. Do this all over the top and sides of the plant. Start when plants are 4-6” all, repeating every 4-6 weeks or as needed until around July 4th. Flower buds will begin to form shortly thereafter so no more pinching is needed. 

For larger individual flowers, when the flower buds form, selectively remove all stems except 4 or 5 of the strongest ones. Energy will be redirected to these buds, resulting in fewer but larger flowers per plant. 

After Blooming
After the flowers fade and the foliage dies back (mid to late-December) cut your mums down to the grown and mark or label the location of each individual plant. 

Apply a 3-4” layer of organic mulch (shredded cedar, pine bark, wood chips, ect) to protect the roots during the winter and to prevent them from heaving in the freezing and thawing of the earth.

In the Spring
When the snow has melted, remove the mulch from the base of each plant to allow the sun to warm the soil and trigger new growth. Fertilize with a good granular fertilizer like 5-10-5. Continue to fertilize every 4-6 weeks through September.

Making New Plants
For best appearance and productivity mums should be dug and divided every 2 or 3 years. This can be done in late-March or April when new growth is 4 – 6 ½” high. 

Dig up the mum clumps with a form or shovel. Separate the shoots from the mother plant with a sharp knife. Each shoot should include 1 – 2 ½” of roots. Plant the new plants following instructions outlined above; discard the old clump. Pinch the plants when they become established. 

Mums are also easily propagated (rooted) from stem cuttings taken in the spring from new, vigorous growth.

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